Arthur Penn
Arthur Penn (1922–2010) was an American filmmaker, theatre director, and producer whose Bonnie and Clyde (1967) is widely credited with launching the New Hollywood era. Born to a Russian-Jewish watchmaker and a nurse in Philadelphia, brother of the photographer Irving Penn, he moved easily between live television, Broadway, and feature film throughout the 1950s and '60s. The Miracle Worker — which he directed first for live television in 1957, then on Broadway, and finally on screen in 1962 — won Oscars for Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke. Bonnie and Clyde paired counterculture energy with stylized violence and ushered in the era of Altman, Scorsese, and Schrader; Penn also directed Alice's Restaurant, Little Big Man, Night Moves, and The Missouri Breaks. A three-time Academy Award nominee for Best Director, he continued working in his eighties.